Absolute and Comparative Advantage

The Trade Networks And The Persian Civilizations - 1123 Words

1.Which had a larger impact on the Persian civilizations - trade networks, diffusion of food and goods, spread of religion, or spread of disease? Please explain all 4 and choose one overall. I think the trade networks had a larger impact on the Persian civilizations. I believe the promotion of trade and economic integration by building and maintaining roads and issuing currencies determines the empire s success. The trade network linked lands from India to Egypt in a vast commercial zone. Various regions of the Persian empires contributed to the larger imperial economy and specialization of production. The trade growth was promoted by promoted by: relative political stability, standardizing coinage, cities establishing banks to†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the trade networks had a larger impact on the Persian civilizations. 1.Explain the basics of Zoroastrianism. How did it shape Persian cutlure? How did Persian culture shape it? Zoroastrianism is a religion that influenced the development of Christianity and Manichaeism. It believes in the role of individuals determining their own fate and emphasizes the duality of good and evil. Early Aryan influences on Persian religious traditions. Zarathustra (late 7th-early 6th centuries BCE) is the founder of Zoroastrianism. He believes that Ahura Mazda had chosen him to be a prophet. In the sixth century BCE, Zoroastrianism attracted Persian aristocrats and ruling elites. It also influenced Judaism, Christianity and later, Islam. When Alexander of Macedonia defeated Darius III in battle, Alexander conquered most of the Persian territories. This caused Zoroastrianism to receive a huge blow since many priests were killed and texts were destroyed. Most Zoroastrians in Persia during this time fled to India to escape prosecution. 1.Compare the political method(s) that allowed the Seleucids, Parthians, and Sasanids to maintain strong imperial rule. The Seleucus inherited most of Achaemenid when Alexander died. They retained the Achaemenid system of administration The Parthians, based in Iran, extend to Mesopotamia. They were seminomadic Parthians that drove the Seleucus out of Iran. They had a federated governmental structure and had especially strong cavalry:

Logistics Pharmaceutical Challenges in South Africa Free Essays

Logistics challenges facing pharmaceutical industries in South Africa Introduction South Africa is the most developed country in Africa and reflected from it being selected to host the 2010 soccer world cup it has resulted in an economic boost for the country. The largest service providers in South Africa are listed: * DHL * Schenker * K? hne Nagel * Expeditor * Hellmann Safcor Panalpina * Micor * Megafreight * R? hlig Grindrod Trade challenges South Africa exports their goods mostly to Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Japan and the Unites states of America, and the imports list of South Africa is largely Germany as the top importing nation of South Africa then following is China, United States of America, Japan and Saudi Arabia. Transport infrastructure in African countries including South Africa is in poor conditions which causes ships in the harbours – which have insufficient infrastructure – to have to wait for a number f days before they can unload their goods. We will write a custom essay sample on Logistics Pharmaceutical Challenges in South Africa or any similar topic only for you Order Now International nations who manufacture pharmaceutical goods for South Africa endure difficulties as they reach their capacity limits wasting a lot of time and slowing the supply chain. There are various challenges in South Africa and highlighted are challenges such as desert regions in the country, the high mountain ranges and rain forests in South Africa serve as challenges in the logistics supply and value chain of the country Pharmaceutical industries in perspective of complex networks in terms of manufacturers of pharmaceuticals, dispensers and distributors are rated as relatively well-developed and sufficient change has taken place from the challenges faced by the country. Challenges in the logistics perspective Importing goods into South Africa is made challenging because of the poor conditions the roads are that travelling is done on and another challenge is the South African ports and suppliers in terms of the distances between the two in various destinations northerly making it difficult to both drivers and transport equipment to reach their destination timely and effectively. Low standard facilities is what many of the countries border posts have and services offered are not done efficiently by officials because they do not possess the necessary skills required. With perspective of logistics fees the challenge of eliminating perversities in the calculation of logistics fees and according to PIASA the logistics fee issue remains unresolved as well as the dispensing fee on medicine. The low level/shortage of human resources is an additional concern within the pharmaceutical industry, Changes in the ordering patterns causes delivery windows to shorten. â€Å"Express logistics has always been indispensible in eliminating waste of time, money and products in the chain. † (M, Latif. Finished products and distribution manager – BE-Tabs) Therefore pharmaceutical companies need special handling and general cargo being segregated. Another challenge faced by the logistics perspective of the pharmaceutical industry is the uncertainty about the economy’s future pricing regulations which causes wholesalers to hold stock being increasingly reluctant, opting for less valued choices as well as for more frequent shipments, and in order to maintain efficiency and gather up resources to facilitate the peak of credit terms being extended means both manufacturer and service provider have to work closely together. In most pharmaceutical companies such as BE-Tabs the supply chain is kept functional to cater and meet the availability of final goods and affordability of those goods to meet expectations of the government and end-users. According to the pharmaceutical industry’s logistics it is a challenge to be overcome at all times to keep the cold chain intact for the many sensitive products in the supply chain, and just as important to maintain a viable and accurate information chain within the supply chain. How to cite Logistics Pharmaceutical Challenges in South Africa, Papers Logistics Pharmaceutical Challenges in South Africa Free Essays Logistics challenges facing pharmaceutical industries in South Africa Introduction South Africa is the most developed country in Africa and reflected from it being selected to host the 2010 soccer world cup it has resulted in an economic boost for the country. The largest service providers in South Africa are listed: * DHL * Schenker * K? hne Nagel * Expeditor * Hellmann Safcor Panalpina * Micor * Megafreight * R? hlig Grindrod Trade challenges South Africa exports their goods mostly to Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Japan and the Unites states of America, and the imports list of South Africa is largely Germany as the top importing nation of South Africa then following is China, United States of America, Japan and Saudi Arabia. Transport infrastructure in African countries including South Africa is in poor conditions which causes ships in the harbours – which have insufficient infrastructure – to have to wait for a number f days before they can unload their goods. We will write a custom essay sample on Logistics Pharmaceutical Challenges in South Africa or any similar topic only for you Order Now International nations who manufacture pharmaceutical goods for South Africa endure difficulties as they reach their capacity limits wasting a lot of time and slowing the supply chain. There are various challenges in South Africa and highlighted are challenges such as desert regions in the country, the high mountain ranges and rain forests in South Africa serve as challenges in the logistics supply and value chain of the country Pharmaceutical industries in perspective of complex networks in terms of manufacturers of pharmaceuticals, dispensers and distributors are rated as relatively well-developed and sufficient change has taken place from the challenges faced by the country. Challenges in the logistics perspective Importing goods into South Africa is made challenging because of the poor conditions the roads are that travelling is done on and another challenge is the South African ports and suppliers in terms of the distances between the two in various destinations northerly making it difficult to both drivers and transport equipment to reach their destination timely and effectively. Low standard facilities is what many of the countries border posts have and services offered are not done efficiently by officials because they do not possess the necessary skills required. With perspective of logistics fees the challenge of eliminating perversities in the calculation of logistics fees and according to PIASA the logistics fee issue remains unresolved as well as the dispensing fee on medicine. The low level/shortage of human resources is an additional concern within the pharmaceutical industry, Changes in the ordering patterns causes delivery windows to shorten. â€Å"Express logistics has always been indispensible in eliminating waste of time, money and products in the chain. † (M, Latif. Finished products and distribution manager – BE-Tabs) Therefore pharmaceutical companies need special handling and general cargo being segregated. Another challenge faced by the logistics perspective of the pharmaceutical industry is the uncertainty about the economy’s future pricing regulations which causes wholesalers to hold stock being increasingly reluctant, opting for less valued choices as well as for more frequent shipments, and in order to maintain efficiency and gather up resources to facilitate the peak of credit terms being extended means both manufacturer and service provider have to work closely together. In most pharmaceutical companies such as BE-Tabs the supply chain is kept functional to cater and meet the availability of final goods and affordability of those goods to meet expectations of the government and end-users. According to the pharmaceutical industry’s logistics it is a challenge to be overcome at all times to keep the cold chain intact for the many sensitive products in the supply chain, and just as important to maintain a viable and accurate information chain within the supply chain. How to cite Logistics Pharmaceutical Challenges in South Africa, Essay examples

Global Strategy and Leadership of Telstra †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theGlobal Strategy and Leadership of Telstra. Answer: Introduction Telstra is a telecommunication and information services provider organization, which is based in Australia. It is providing various services, like; business services, internet access and fixed line services. It is a market leader in Australian telecommunication industry. The organization has adopted different effective strategies for maintaining its position in market. This report examines the strategic analysis and leadership styles of the leader at Telstra. The strategic analysis is conducted by examining the generic strategies and using SWOT analysis. Generic Strategy There are three generic strategies, such as; cost leadership, product differentiation and focus, which are used to gain competitive advantage in market. In order to improve its position in industry, Telstra is aiming on the youth and student market to offer the mobile and information technology products and other value added services. It has focused on differentiation and cost leadership. It is combining the uniqueness and broad target and providing best network and quality services (Bilbao-Osorio, Dutta Lanvin, 2013). It is offering the products to youth and students at affordable prices by using different cost saving technologies. SWOT analysis: Strengths The major strengths of Telstra are that it is one of the largest brands in Australia and it dominates the telecommunication and information service market in the country. It has the latest technology on mobile phones, i.e. Next G Network and broadband service, i.e. ADSL 2 Plus to fight with other competitors. Company is working with more than 35000 employees, who are serving the customers of 230 countries. It is actively sponsoring various sports events (Telstra, 2016). Weaknesses Telstra is not expanding its business operations internationally and limiting its growth strategy. The prices of products and services are comparatively higher than other competitors. It is making emphasis on postpaid plans rather than prepaid plans (Bartholomeusz, 2017). This company has decreased fixed line advertising and it has invested that amount on the promotion of new products like; Next G Network. The company has limited liquidity position. Threats One of the major threats for Telstra Company is market saturation in Australia. It means the mobile phone market in Australia has nearly reached to the saturation. There are changes in the customer behavior, i.e. it will find very difficult to compete for creating new customers. Technology changes are posing threats to the company (SP, 2017). Telstra has so many competitors, who are posing fierce competition for this company. There are very strict regulations in this sector in different areas like; price control, licensing, interconnection, agreements and use of infrastructure. Telstra needs to disassemble all the regulatory problems to enter in global markets. Opportunities There are so many opportunities for the company in this industry. Telstra can expand its business to international markets, like; China and Asia Pacific. The internet users in China country has been reached to 298 million up at high of 43%. The rate of internet penetration in China is at 22% that is very low and there is scope of improvement (Garca-Ochoa Mayor Bajo Dav, 2016). The internet market in China can improve the growth of company seeing from its expansion in present. Moreover, there is an increasing demand of smartphones and tablets and high speed broadband services all over Asia. Apart from this, this company can look at other alternatives but related business operations and pull its existing competencies to start new business ventures (Telstra, 2016). Telstra is the contracted data supplier of Australian government. By an initiative of government, it expanded its CDMA network to the rural population. So, the organization has most extensive CDMA networks in the Australia c ountry. Leadership The leadership team of Telstra feels very proud to be the part of one of the largest telecommunication company. The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Telstra, i.e. Andy Penn played his leadership role effectively. He is reshaping the team of senior executives continuously. He is including latest appointments offering a vision into his ambitions and priorities. As a senior leader, he knows how to build the organizational capabilities. He continues to play a significant role in increasing awareness of the role, which theproject management plays in implementing the organizational strategy. Andy Penn focuses on different leadership areas, for example; customer focus, personal leadership, results leadership and strategic leadership. As a leader of Telstra, he plays an important role in creating scenario of success in organization. Andy Penn is a pragmatic leader, who is practical thinker (Rothaermel, 2015). He has a strong interest in making strategy and focus on different strategies, which are used for completing any task, goal and initiative. He thinks that most of the companies either gets succeed or fail on the basis of their ability to implement strategy well. He executes the strategies by focusing on the customers. He is focusing on making good relationships with his team and building trust together. The top priority of Telstras CEO is to figure out that how his team is going to complete the tasks (Telstra, 2016). This style can be linked with transformational leadership. According to the public report and investors report, the CEO of Telstra company has effectively managed the employees and customers and he was able to align strategies with its overall objectives. Appropriateness of leadership It can be concluded that the leadership at Telstra was effective (Waterhouse, 2015). The CEO of the company played an effective leadership role. He is the person, who is responsible for Telstras effective strategy and other actions, for example; treasury, mergers and acquisitions, corporate planning, internal audit, external reporting, reporting and analysis and expansion of its business operations internationally (Northouse, 2015). All these aspects show that he played his leadership role effectively and able to attain predetermined objectives. Feedback The report is formed using various resources, like; books, journals, Telstras website and annual report of the company. For conducting the SWOT analysis, telecom industry and its other players are examined. Annual report and investors report of the company assisted in incorporating all the details in this report. Conclusion Thus, the above analysis shows the company is having better positive in the telecom industry in Australia. The company is using differentiation and cost leadership strategy. To overcome its weaknesses and threats, it should focus on the technology changes and competitive environment. It will help he organization in ruling the market for a long term. The company should conduct the research and development process to know about the products and demands in the market and then produce the products with new features. References Bilbao-Osorio, B., Dutta, S., Lanvin, B. (2013, April). The global information technology report 2013. InWorld Economic Forum(pp. 1-383). Bartholomeusz, S. (2017). Telstra leadership shake-up shows the scale of Penns ambitions. The Australian Business Review. Garca-Ochoa Mayor, M., Bajo Dav, N. (2016). Competitive advantages of the mobile phone operators in the Asia Pacific region: analysis from the strategic groups approach.Technology Analysis Strategic Management,28(5), 541-554. Northouse, P. G. (2015).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Rothaermel, F. T. (2015).Strategicmanagement. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. SP. (2017). Telstra Corporation Ltd. SWOT and PESTLE Analysis. Retrieved from https://www.swotandpestle.com/telstra/. Telstra. (2016). Telstra Annual Report, 2016. Retrieved from https://telstra2016ar.interactiveinvestorreports.com/. Waterhouse, J. (2015). Who is Telstras new CEO, Andrew Penn. Retrieved from https://exchange.telstra.com.au/who-is-telstras-new-ceo-andrew-penn/.