Globalization in the 21st Century Essay

worldwideization has become one of the principal symbols of economic, cultural and political life in the 21st century. Although there is no dead definition of ball-shapedization, due to the complexity of the term and the varying attitudes towards it, put simply it is the process by which nationality is becoming all the time more irrelevant. International organizations such(prenominal) as Coca Cola, Disney, McDonalds, Sony, Shell Oil and IBM, symbolize such a process. In laymans terms, globalization is basically the means by which concourse around the globe are now more connected to each other than ever before. Information and money flow more swiftly and goods and function produced in one part of the globe are progressively more obtainable worldwide. International travel is also more frequent and international discourse is routine. However globalization as we know it today is vastly different from its humble beginnings. The following essay will look at the effect global institut ions have on a national level and whether they challenge or defend the interests of the nation.Richard Peets reading deals with the beginning of globalization, brought on by a campaign for dominance and control of the worlds resources, through the use of coercion. Globalization was heralded by Columbuss discovery of America in 1492. European capitalists then required labour to develop their rising found continent. This came in the form of slavery, black slavery had an economic rather than merely a racial basis it was utilise because it was cheaper.(Peet, R. pg.120) This lead to the demise of Africas potential for development as millions of slaves were taken from their homeland. This left a void of labour in Africa, hence inhibiting their ability to develop their own nation. This is still prevalent in todays society as sweatshops in underdeveloped countries with deplorable conditions are used as labour for many of the worlds global institutions such as Nike and Polo Ralph Lauren (see attached table 9.3, Klein, N. pg.528)Wallerstein reading addresses the rise of socialism and communism as an antidote to the capitalist value of progress at any cost. He ponders whether or not historical capitalism represents progress or regression. (Wallerstein, I. pg.100) He believes historical capitalism has developed an ideological framework of oppressive humiliationwhich today we call sexismand racism. (Wallerstein, I. pg.102) Globalization has led to a very small group having a monopoly over world trade. In Australia the richest 10 percent of its population own 85% of all shares, 72% of rental investment properties and 60% of business assets. (Kelly. S, 2001)However, secernate views do exist in relation to globalization, so its important to assess both the positive and negative impact.Globalization has allowed for the creation of a new world politics, in which countries are not isolated units anymore. Globally the world has become united in dealing with issues such as pollution and environmental standards. Recent developments in information and communication technology allow individuals from different regions to communicate speedily across huge distances and access information rapidly. Democracy is cattle farm rapidly which is leading to the development of a common culture. Between 1975 and 1995 the number of democracies in the world increased from 36 to 75 states, which coincided with the globalization boom, and has lead to much(prenominal) closer links between nations. For less developed countries, globalization offers access to foreign capital, global export markets, and advanced technology, allowing faster growth which in winding promotes poverty reduction, democratization, and higher labour and environmental standards. (www.freetrade.org/issues/globalization.html)In contrast opponents to globalization believe it increases inequality between nations. Such inequality is caused due to the rapid working out of trade and economic developments without reference to human rights and labour standards. Globalization inhibits governments from subjecting worldwide economic forces to regulation and control. The uneven distribution of wealth associated with rapid globalization whitethorn be widening the gap between certain countries and regions. In order for a nation to prosper in todays economy, they must stimulate the core foundation of competitiveness. Such competitiveness leads to the exploitation of poorer nations, further contributing to the uneven distribution of wealth. Global organizations increase their profit margins at the expense of the sweatshop prole whose human and civil rights are being violated. Illegal activities such asterrorism and drug trafficking have been allowed to flourish due to the free movement of goods and persons, the assay-mark of globalization.In conclusion globalization bodes both good and ill for piece however nevertheless appears to be here to stay, whether we like or not. The challenge tha t lies ahead is not to try and reverse it, but to harness the positive potential whilst minimising the adverse effects. Unless this opportunity is seized, nations and global institutions will continue to struggle for domination and power. Those nations and institutions otiose to compete and adapt in their current global economic climate will continue to be used by those that can. It is now up to mankind to decide wether or not the power will be cleverly used or not.BibliographyKelly, S. (2001) Australians wealth and retirement, http//pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/10635/20011112/www.onlineopinion.com.au/2001/Jul01/Kelly.htm, accessed 05/05/03Klein, N. (2000) No Logo, Table 9.3. Sweatshop Profiles, London FlamingoPeet, R. (1991) Global Capitalism Theories of societal development, London Routledge, pp. 114-124Wallerstein, I. (1983) Historical Capitalism, London Verso, pp. 97-110)http//www.freetrade.org/issues/globalization.html, The Benefits of Globalization, accessed 04/05/03